research-article
Authors: Minyoung Baek, Hyungki Kim
Virtual Reality, Volume 29, Issue 1
Published: 14 February 2025 Publication History
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Abstract
One of the side effects of VR experiences, VR sickness, resembles real motion sickness and can cause discomfort for VR users. Rest Frame (RF) is a set of virtual objects independent of the virtual environment (VE) that serve as fixed visual elements. Previous research has shown that using RF can reduce VR sickness. However, a constantly visible RF in the user’s field of view may obstruct objects in the VE and cause a decrease in the field of view, thereby impairing user presence. This study consists of two experiments aimed at exploring configurations of RF that minimize a decrease in presence while maximizing the reduction of VR sickness. In the first experiment, RF configurations with varying levels of opacity and density were tested during virtual travel. Eighteen VR users provide real-time responses regarding their level of VR sickness. After each of the three sessions, participants completed a Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) to assess VR sickness and the Witmer & Singer Presence Questionnaire (WS) to evaluate presence. Results indicated that changes in RF density did not significantly affect either VR sickness or presence. The second experiment, planned based on the findings of the first, compared the most effective RF (opacity 0.4, density 0.4) identified in the initial experiment to a no-RF condition with twelve participants. Results confirmed that the most effective RF reduced VR sickness compared to the absence of RF. These findings highlight the importance of appropriate RF design in improving user comfort and suggest practical guidelines for developing immersive virtual environments.
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Index Terms
Investigating the effects of density and opacity of rest frames for VR sickness reduction
Computing methodologies
Computer graphics
Graphics systems and interfaces
Virtual reality
Human-centered computing
Human computer interaction (HCI)
HCI design and evaluation methods
Usability testing
User studies
Interaction paradigms
Mixed / augmented reality
Virtual reality
Social and professional topics
Professional topics
History of computing
History of computing theory
Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.
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Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
Virtual Reality Volume 29, Issue 1
Feb 2025
646 pages
EISSN:1434-9957
Issue’s Table of Contents
© The Author(s) 2025.
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg
Publication History
Published: 14 February 2025
Accepted: 01 February 2025
Received: 22 April 2024
Author Tags
- Virtual reality
- Rest frame
- VR sickness
- Presence
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Funding Sources
- Ministry of Education
- National Research Foundation of Korea
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